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In this section, we will detail how this proxy works.\")]),_c('div',{staticClass:\"anchor\",attrs:{\"id\":\"what-is-a-proxy-server\"}}),_c('h1',{attrs:{\"data-number\":\"3\"}},[_c('span',{staticClass:\"header-section-number\"},[_vm._v(\"3\")]),_vm._v(\" What is a proxy server? \"),_c('a',{attrs:{\"href\":\"#what-is-a-proxy-server\"}},[_c('b-icon-link45deg',{staticClass:\"heading-link-icon\",attrs:{\"font-scale\":\"0.7\"}})],1)]),_c('ul',[_c('li',[_c('p',[_vm._v(\"A server is an application that provides functionality for other programs which are called \"),_c('strong',[_vm._v(\"clients\")]),_c('a',{staticClass:\"footnote-ref\",attrs:{\"href\":\"#fn1\",\"id\":\"fnref1\",\"role\":\"doc-noteref\"}},[_c('sup',[_vm._v(\"1\")])])]),_c('ul',[_c('li',[_vm._v(\"Clients are, for instance, web browsers\")])])]),_c('li',[_c('p',[_vm._v(\"When this application provides functionality via the internet, we call it a “Web Server”.\")])]),_c('li',[_c('p',[_vm._v(\"A Proxy Server is a special kind of server.\")])]),_c('li',[_c('p',[_vm._v(\"It will act as an intermediary between the clients and one or more servers.\")])])]),_c('p',[_vm._v(\"A proxy server will receive requests for resources those request can for instance :\")]),_c('ul',[_c('li',[_c('p',[_vm._v(\"handle the request directly\")])]),_c('li',[_c('p',[_vm._v(\"forward it to the servers behind it (we call this kind of proxy server “Forward proxy”)\")])]),_c('li',[_c('p',[_vm._v(\"stop the request\")])])]),_c('figure',[_c('b-img',{staticClass:\"img-book\",attrs:{\"src\":require('@/assets/images/forward_proxy.png'),\"alt\":\"Sequence diagram of a forward proxy\",\"fluid\":\"\",\"thumbnail\":\"\"}}),_c('figcaption',{attrs:{\"aria-hidden\":\"true\"}},[_vm._v(\"Sequence diagram of a forward proxy\")])],1),_c('p',[_vm._v(\"Proxy servers have many use cases :\")]),_c('ul',[_c('li',[_c('p',[_vm._v(\"Filter and monitor internet traffic.\")]),_c('ul',[_c('li',[_c('p',[_vm._v(\"Companies intensively use forward proxies to keep an eye on employees activity\")])]),_c('li',[_c('p',[_vm._v(\"They may also block some requests to forbidden websites\")])])])]),_c('li',[_c('p',[_vm._v(\"Caching\")]),_c('ul',[_c('li',[_c('p',[_vm._v(\"We can use proxies to cache resources.\")])]),_c('li',[_c('p',[_vm._v(\"Instead of calling the server targeted, they will send a cached response to the client.\")])])])])]),_c('div',{staticClass:\"anchor\",attrs:{\"id\":\"the-reasons-behind-the-birth-of-the-go-module-proxy\"}}),_c('BuyCopyInvite'),_c('h1',{attrs:{\"data-number\":\"4\"}},[_c('span',{staticClass:\"header-section-number\"},[_vm._v(\"4\")]),_vm._v(\" The reasons behind the birth of the Go Module Proxy \"),_c('a',{attrs:{\"href\":\"#the-reasons-behind-the-birth-of-the-go-module-proxy\"}},[_c('b-icon-link45deg',{staticClass:\"heading-link-icon\",attrs:{\"font-scale\":\"0.7\"}})],1)]),_c('p',[_vm._v(\"The Go Module Proxy is a recent addition to the language tooling. Before the go get command downloaded, the module \"),_c('strong',[_vm._v(\"directly\")]),_vm._v(\" from the code-sharing website. It has some drawbacks :\")]),_c('ul',[_c('li',[_c('p',[_vm._v(\"A module can be deleted from the site sharing website by the developer.\")])]),_c('li',[_c('p',[_vm._v(\"A version can also be deleted.\")]),_c('ul',[_c('li',[_c('p',[_vm._v(\"A tag was deleted...\")])]),_c('li',[_c('p',[_vm._v(\"A commit can be removed...\")])])])])]),_c('p',[_vm._v(\"If your application depends on this module building your Go application might be \"),_c('strong',[_vm._v(\"impossible\")]),_vm._v(\".\")]),_c('div',{staticClass:\"anchor\",attrs:{\"id\":\"how-does-it-work\"}}),_c('h1',{attrs:{\"data-number\":\"5\"}},[_c('span',{staticClass:\"header-section-number\"},[_vm._v(\"5\")]),_vm._v(\" How does it Work \"),_c('a',{attrs:{\"href\":\"#how-does-it-work\"}},[_c('b-icon-link45deg',{staticClass:\"heading-link-icon\",attrs:{\"font-scale\":\"0.7\"}})],1)]),_c('p',[_vm._v(\"The go get command can fetch dependencies from a module proxy server without touching the original server that hosts the code (GitHub, GitLab,...).\")]),_c('figure',[_c('b-img',{staticClass:\"img-book\",attrs:{\"src\":require('@/assets/images/go_proxy_found.png'),\"alt\":\"The Go Command (go get) try to fetch modules from the proxy server\",\"fluid\":\"\",\"thumbnail\":\"\"}}),_c('figcaption',{attrs:{\"aria-hidden\":\"true\"}},[_vm._v(\"The Go Command (go get) try to fetch modules from the proxy server\")])],1),_c('p',[_vm._v(\"When the code is not available on the proxy server, Go can download it directly from the hosting server.\")]),_c('figure',[_c('b-img',{staticClass:\"img-book\",attrs:{\"src\":require('@/assets/images/go_proxy_not_available.png'),\"alt\":\"When the module is not on the proxy\",\"fluid\":\"\",\"thumbnail\":\"\"}}),_c('figcaption',{attrs:{\"aria-hidden\":\"true\"}},[_vm._v(\"When the module is not on the proxy\")])],1),_c('p',[_vm._v(\"We can change this behavior through an environment variable.\")]),_c('div',{staticClass:\"anchor\",attrs:{\"id\":\"configuration-of-the-go-module-proxy\"}}),_c('h1',{attrs:{\"data-number\":\"6\"}},[_c('span',{staticClass:\"header-section-number\"},[_vm._v(\"6\")]),_vm._v(\" Configuration of the Go Module Proxy \"),_c('a',{attrs:{\"href\":\"#configuration-of-the-go-module-proxy\"}},[_c('b-icon-link45deg',{staticClass:\"heading-link-icon\",attrs:{\"font-scale\":\"0.7\"}})],1)]),_c('p',[_vm._v(\"The proxy configuration is set into the environment variable \"),_c('strong',[_vm._v(\"GOPROXY.\")])]),_c('p',[_vm._v(\"By typing the command\")]),_c('pre',{attrs:{\"data-float\":\"\"}},[_c('span',{directives:[{name:\"highlightjs\",rawName:\"v-highlightjs\"}]},[_c('code',{pre:true,attrs:{\"class\":\"go\",\"style\":\"display: inline\"}},[_vm._v(\"go env GOPROXY\")])])]),_c('p',[_vm._v(\"you can check its current value. 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module.\")]),_c('ol',{attrs:{\"type\":\"1\"}},[_c('li',[_vm._v(\"Ex : https://proxy.golang.org/ \"),_c('strong',[_vm._v(\"gitlab.com/loir402/bluesodium\")]),_vm._v(\"/@v/v1.0.1 \"),_c('strong',[_vm._v(\".zip\")])])]),_c('div',{staticClass:\"anchor\",attrs:{\"id\":\"common-error-the-newest-version-is-not-downloaded\"}}),_c('BuyCopyInvite'),_c('h1',{attrs:{\"data-number\":\"8\"}},[_c('span',{staticClass:\"header-section-number\"},[_vm._v(\"8\")]),_vm._v(\" Common error: the newest version is not downloaded \"),_c('a',{attrs:{\"href\":\"#common-error-the-newest-version-is-not-downloaded\"}},[_c('b-icon-link45deg',{staticClass:\"heading-link-icon\",attrs:{\"font-scale\":\"0.7\"}})],1)]),_c('p',[_vm._v(\"When a newer minor or patch is available for the module, the command\")]),_c('pre',{attrs:{\"data-float\":\"\"}},[_c('span',{directives:[{name:\"highlightjs\",rawName:\"v-highlightjs\"}]},[_c('code',{pre:true,attrs:{\"class\":\"go\",\"style\":\"display: inline\"}},[_vm._v(\"go get -u modulePath\")])])]),_c('p',[_vm._v(\"will not always download it immediately. The service has a cache in place to improve performance. Hence to solve this, you have two solutions :\")]),_c('ul',[_c('li',[_c('p',[_vm._v(\"Wait and try later (the cache will be invalidated)\")])]),_c('li',[_c('p',[_vm._v(\"Target specifically the version you want to use in the go get command\")]),_c('pre',{attrs:{\"data-float\":\"\"}},[_c('span',{directives:[{name:\"highlightjs\",rawName:\"v-highlightjs\"}]},[_c('code',{pre:true,attrs:{\"class\":\"go\",\"style\":\"display: inline\"}},[_vm._v(\"go get -u modulePath@v1.0.2\")])])])])]),_c('div',{staticClass:\"anchor\",attrs:{\"id\":\"useful-links-to-debug-issues\"}}),_c('h1',{attrs:{\"data-number\":\"9\"}},[_c('span',{staticClass:\"header-section-number\"},[_vm._v(\"9\")]),_vm._v(\" Useful links to debug issues \"),_c('a',{attrs:{\"href\":\"#useful-links-to-debug-issues\"}},[_c('b-icon-link45deg',{staticClass:\"heading-link-icon\",attrs:{\"font-scale\":\"0.7\"}})],1)]),_c('ul',[_c('li',[_c('p',[_vm._v(\"How to \"),_c('strong',[_vm._v(\"get the list of available versions\")]),_vm._v(\" for a module on a proxy?\")]),_c('pre',{directives:[{name:\"highlightjs\",rawName:\"v-highlightjs\"}]},[_c('code',{pre:true,attrs:{\"class\":\"go\"}},[_vm._v(\"https://PROXY_URL/MODULE_PATH/@v/list\")])]),_c('ul',[_c('li',[_c('p',[_vm._v(\"Ex : https://proxy.golang.org/gitlab.com/loir402/bluesodium/@v/list\")]),_c('ul',[_c('li',[_vm._v(\"Will output the list of versions available for a given module\")])])]),_c('li',[_c('p',[_vm._v(\"For major version 2 the link is :\")])])])])]),_c('pre',{directives:[{name:\"highlightjs\",rawName:\"v-highlightjs\"}]},[_c('code',{pre:true,attrs:{\"class\":\"go\"}},[_vm._v(\"\\\"https://proxy.golang.org/gitlab.com/loir402/bluesodium/v2/@v/list\\\"\")])]),_c('ul',[_c('li',[_c('p',[_vm._v(\"How to \"),_c('strong',[_vm._v(\"download source code\")]),_vm._v(\" of a module at a specific version\")]),_c('pre',{directives:[{name:\"highlightjs\",rawName:\"v-highlightjs\"}]},[_c('code',{pre:true,attrs:{\"class\":\"go\"}},[_vm._v(\"https://PROXY_URL/MODULE_PATH/@v/VERSION.zip\")])]),_c('ul',[_c('li',[_c('p',[_vm._v(\"Ex : https://proxy.golang.org/gitlab.com/loir402/bluesodium/@v/v1.0.1.zip\")]),_c('ul',[_c('li',[_vm._v(\"Will trigger the download of the source code\")])])])])])]),_c('div',{staticClass:\"anchor\",attrs:{\"id\":\"test-yourself\"}}),_c('h1',{attrs:{\"data-number\":\"10\"}},[_c('span',{staticClass:\"header-section-number\"},[_vm._v(\"10\")]),_vm._v(\" Test yourself \"),_c('a',{attrs:{\"href\":\"#test-yourself\"}},[_c('b-icon-link45deg',{staticClass:\"heading-link-icon\",attrs:{\"font-scale\":\"0.7\"}})],1)]),_c('div',{staticClass:\"anchor\",attrs:{\"id\":\"questions\"}}),_c('h3',{attrs:{\"data-number\":\"10.0.1\"}},[_c('span',{staticClass:\"header-section-number\"},[_vm._v(\"10.0.1\")]),_vm._v(\" Questions \"),_c('a',{attrs:{\"href\":\"#questions\"}},[_c('b-icon-link45deg',{staticClass:\"heading-link-icon\",attrs:{\"font-scale\":\"0.7\"}})],1)]),_c('ol',{attrs:{\"type\":\"1\"}},[_c('li',[_c('p',[_vm._v(\"What is the name of the environment variable that controls the Go Module Proxy usage?\")])]),_c('li',[_c('p',[_vm._v(\"How to disable the usage of module proxies in a go get command?\")])])]),_c('div',{staticClass:\"anchor\",attrs:{\"id\":\"answers\"}}),_c('h2',{attrs:{\"data-number\":\"10.1\"}},[_c('span',{staticClass:\"header-section-number\"},[_vm._v(\"10.1\")]),_vm._v(\" Answers \"),_c('a',{attrs:{\"href\":\"#answers\"}},[_c('b-icon-link45deg',{staticClass:\"heading-link-icon\",attrs:{\"font-scale\":\"0.7\"}})],1)]),_c('ol',{attrs:{\"type\":\"1\"}},[_c('li',[_c('p',[_vm._v(\"What is the name of the environment variable that controls the Go Module Proxy usage?\")]),_c('ol',{attrs:{\"type\":\"1\"}},[_c('li',[_vm._v(\"GOPROXY.\")])])]),_c('li',[_c('p',[_vm._v(\"How to disable the usage of module proxies in a go get command?\")]),_c('pre',{directives:[{name:\"highlightjs\",rawName:\"v-highlightjs\"}]},[_c('code',{pre:true,attrs:{\"class\":\"go\"}},[_vm._v(\"$ GOPROXY=\\\"off\\\" go get gitlab.com/loir402/foo\")])])])]),_c('h1',{staticClass:\"unnumbered\",attrs:{\"id\":\"key-takeaways\"}},[_vm._v(\"Key takeaways\")]),_c('ul',[_c('li',[_c('p',[_vm._v(\"A Go module proxy is a proxy server that will store Go modules’ code.\")])]),_c('li',[_c('p',[_vm._v(\"Instead of downloading the source code directly from the code hosting server (ex: GitHub), the go command \"),_c('strong',[_vm._v(\"can\")]),_vm._v(\" download it from the proxy server.\")])]),_c('li',[_c('p',[_vm._v(\"Some modules might be unknown to the proxy; in that case, the server will generally add them afterward.\")]),_c('ul',[_c('li',[_c('p',[_vm._v(\"For instance, the official Go Module Proxy has that system in place\")])]),_c('li',[_c('p',[_vm._v(\"Other Go Module Proxies might implement different strategies\")])])])]),_c('li',[_c('p',[_vm._v(\"There is an official Go Proxy available to all, which is https://proxy.golang.org/\")])]),_c('li',[_c('p',[_vm._v(\"You can also deploy your own Go Module Proxy Server / or use a hosted alternative\")])]),_c('li',[_c('p',[_vm._v(\"To use a specific proxy, you will have to modify the GOPROXY variable.\")])])]),_c('section',{staticClass:\"footnotes\",attrs:{\"role\":\"doc-endnotes\"}},[_c('hr'),_c('ol',[_c('li',{attrs:{\"id\":\"fn1\",\"role\":\"doc-endnote\"}},[_c('p',[_vm._v(\"Definition from Wikipedia, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_(computing)\"),_c('a',{staticClass:\"footnote-back\",attrs:{\"href\":\"#fnref1\",\"role\":\"doc-backlink\"}},[_vm._v(\"↩︎\")])])])])]),_c('BuyCopyInvite'),_c('h1',[_vm._v(\"Bibliography\")]),_c('ChapterBibliography',{attrs:{\"chapter-id\":\"Chap18GoModuleProxies\"}}),_c('b-row',{staticClass:\"ml-1 mr-1 \"},[_c('b-col',{staticClass:\"text-center border mr-1 p-2\"},[_c('router-link',{attrs:{\"to\":{name:'Chap17GoModules'}}},[_c('p',[_c('u',[_c('small',[_vm._v(\"Previous\")])])]),_c('p',[_c('small',[_vm._v(\"Go modules\")])])])],1),_c('b-col',{staticClass:\"text-center border p-1 \"},[_c('router-link',{attrs:{\"to\":{name:'Chap19UnitTests'}}},[_c('p',[_c('u',[_c('small',[_vm._v(\"Next\")])])]),_c('p',[_c('small',[_vm._v(\"Unit Tests\")])])])],1)],1),_c('b-row',{staticClass:\"mt-1 ml-1 mr-1\"},[_c('b-col',{staticClass:\"text-center border p-1 \"},[_c('b-link',{attrs:{\"to\":{name:'Home'}}},[_vm._v(\"Table of contents\")])],1)],1),_c('FeedbackInvite'),_c('NewsletterInput'),_c('Footer')],1),_c('b-col')],1)],1)],1)}\nvar staticRenderFns = []\n\nexport { render, staticRenderFns }","<template>\n    <!-- WARNING this file is generated edits made will be lost on next generation -->\n    <div>\n        <NavBar></NavBar>\n        <div class=\"container-fluid\">\n            <b-row>\n            <!-- Sidebar -->\n            <TOCChapter chapter-id=\"Chap18GoModuleProxies\"></TOCChapter>\n\t\t\t\t<b-col ></b-col>\n                <!-- Main Content -->\n                <b-col role=\"main\" md=\"6\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<ChapterHeading chapter-title=\"Chapter 18: Go Module Proxies\" image-name=\"proxy.jpg\" image-alt=\"Go Module Proxies\"></ChapterHeading>\n                    <!-- Contents BEGIN -->\n                    <div id=\"what-will-you-learn-in-this-chapter\" class=\"anchor\"></div>\n<h1 data-number=\"1\"><span class=\"header-section-number\">1</span> What will you learn in this chapter? <a href=\"#what-will-you-learn-in-this-chapter\"><b-icon-link45deg font-scale=\"0.7\" class=\"heading-link-icon\"></b-icon-link45deg></a></h1>\n<ul>\n<li><p>What is a module proxy?</p></li>\n<li><p>The reasons behind the creation of a module proxy.</p></li>\n<li><p>How to configure the go Module proxy.</p></li>\n</ul>\n<div id=\"technical-concepts-covered\" class=\"anchor\"></div>\n<h2 data-number=\"1.1\"><span class=\"header-section-number\">1.1</span> Technical concepts covered <a href=\"#technical-concepts-covered\"><b-icon-link45deg font-scale=\"0.7\" class=\"heading-link-icon\"></b-icon-link45deg></a></h2>\n<ul>\n<li><p>Proxy Server</p></li>\n<li><p>Forward Proxy</p></li>\n<li><p>Server / Client</p></li>\n</ul>\n<div id=\"introduction\" class=\"anchor\"></div>\n<h1 data-number=\"2\"><span class=\"header-section-number\">2</span> Introduction <a href=\"#introduction\"><b-icon-link45deg font-scale=\"0.7\" class=\"heading-link-icon\"></b-icon-link45deg></a></h1>\n<p>The go get command uses a <strong>proxy</strong> to fetch the latest releases of modules. In this section, we will detail how this proxy works.</p>\n<div id=\"what-is-a-proxy-server\" class=\"anchor\"></div>\n<h1 data-number=\"3\"><span class=\"header-section-number\">3</span> What is a proxy server? <a href=\"#what-is-a-proxy-server\"><b-icon-link45deg font-scale=\"0.7\" class=\"heading-link-icon\"></b-icon-link45deg></a></h1>\n<ul>\n<li><p>A server is an application that provides functionality for other programs which are called <strong>clients</strong><a href=\"#fn1\" class=\"footnote-ref\" id=\"fnref1\" role=\"doc-noteref\"><sup>1</sup></a></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Clients are, for instance, web browsers</li>\n</ul></li>\n<li><p>When this application provides functionality via the internet, we call it a “Web Server”.</p></li>\n<li><p>A Proxy Server is a special kind of server.</p></li>\n<li><p>It will act as an intermediary between the clients and one or more servers.</p></li>\n</ul>\n<p>A proxy server will receive requests for resources those request can for instance :</p>\n<ul>\n<li><p>handle the request directly</p></li>\n<li><p>forward it to the servers behind it (we call this kind of proxy server “Forward proxy”)</p></li>\n<li><p>stop the request</p></li>\n</ul>\n<figure>\n<b-img :src=\"require('@/assets/images/forward_proxy.png')\" alt=\"Sequence diagram of a forward proxy\"  fluid thumbnail class=\"img-book\"></b-img><figcaption aria-hidden=\"true\">Sequence diagram of a forward proxy</figcaption>\n</figure>\n<p>Proxy servers have many use cases :</p>\n<ul>\n<li><p>Filter and monitor internet traffic.</p>\n<ul>\n<li><p>Companies intensively use forward proxies to keep an eye on employees activity</p></li>\n<li><p>They may also block some requests to forbidden websites</p></li>\n</ul></li>\n<li><p>Caching</p>\n<ul>\n<li><p>We can use proxies to cache resources.</p></li>\n<li><p>Instead of calling the server targeted, they will send a cached response to the client.</p></li>\n</ul></li>\n</ul>\n<div id=\"the-reasons-behind-the-birth-of-the-go-module-proxy\" class=\"anchor\"></div>\n<BuyCopyInvite></BuyCopyInvite>\n<h1 data-number=\"4\"><span class=\"header-section-number\">4</span> The reasons behind the birth of the Go Module Proxy <a href=\"#the-reasons-behind-the-birth-of-the-go-module-proxy\"><b-icon-link45deg font-scale=\"0.7\" class=\"heading-link-icon\"></b-icon-link45deg></a></h1>\n<p>The Go Module Proxy is a recent addition to the language tooling. Before the go get command downloaded, the module <strong>directly</strong> from the code-sharing website. It has some drawbacks :</p>\n<ul>\n<li><p>A module can be deleted from the site sharing website by the developer.</p></li>\n<li><p>A version can also be deleted.</p>\n<ul>\n<li><p>A tag was deleted...</p></li>\n<li><p>A commit can be removed...</p></li>\n</ul></li>\n</ul>\n<p>If your application depends on this module building your Go application might be <strong>impossible</strong>.</p>\n<div id=\"how-does-it-work\" class=\"anchor\"></div>\n<h1 data-number=\"5\"><span class=\"header-section-number\">5</span> How does it Work <a href=\"#how-does-it-work\"><b-icon-link45deg font-scale=\"0.7\" class=\"heading-link-icon\"></b-icon-link45deg></a></h1>\n<p>The go get command can fetch dependencies from a module proxy server without touching the original server that hosts the code (GitHub, GitLab,...).</p>\n<figure>\n<b-img :src=\"require('@/assets/images/go_proxy_found.png')\" alt=\"The Go Command (go get) try to fetch modules from the proxy server\"  fluid thumbnail class=\"img-book\"></b-img><figcaption aria-hidden=\"true\">The Go Command (go get) try to fetch modules from the proxy server</figcaption>\n</figure>\n<p>When the code is not available on the proxy server, Go can download it directly from the hosting server.</p>\n<figure>\n<b-img :src=\"require('@/assets/images/go_proxy_not_available.png')\" alt=\"When the module is not on the proxy\"  fluid thumbnail class=\"img-book\"></b-img><figcaption aria-hidden=\"true\">When the module is not on the proxy</figcaption>\n</figure>\n<p>We can change this behavior through an environment variable.</p>\n<div id=\"configuration-of-the-go-module-proxy\" class=\"anchor\"></div>\n<h1 data-number=\"6\"><span class=\"header-section-number\">6</span> Configuration of the Go Module Proxy <a href=\"#configuration-of-the-go-module-proxy\"><b-icon-link45deg font-scale=\"0.7\" class=\"heading-link-icon\"></b-icon-link45deg></a></h1>\n<p>The proxy configuration is set into the environment variable <strong>GOPROXY.</strong></p>\n<p>By typing the command</p>\n<pre data-float=\"\"><span v-highlightjs><code class=\"go\" v-pre style=\"display: inline\">go env GOPROXY</code></span></pre>\n<p>you can check its current value. At the time of writing, the default value is :</p>\n<pre v-highlightjs><code class=\"go\" v-pre >https://proxy.golang.org,direct</code></pre>\n<ul>\n<li><p>The value of <strong>GOPROXY</strong> is a list</p></li>\n<li><p>The list is separated by commas “,” or pipes “|”</p></li>\n<li><p>It is composed of URLs of Go modules proxy and/or special keywords.</p></li>\n<li><p>The keywords available are</p>\n<p>“off” : it means turn off the feature</p>\n<p>“direct” : it instructs the tool to download it directly from the code hosting server.</p></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Go will attempt to download new modules from each specified Go Module Proxy URLs from left to right. When it encounters the keyword “<strong>direct</strong>” it will try to download the module directly from the source hosting website.</p>\n<figure>\n<b-img :src=\"require('@/assets/images/go_proxy_env_conf.png')\" alt=\"GOPROXY environment configuration\"  fluid thumbnail class=\"img-book\"></b-img><figcaption aria-hidden=\"true\">GOPROXY environment configuration</figcaption>\n</figure>\n<div id=\"disable-go-module-proxy\" class=\"anchor\"></div>\n<h2 data-number=\"6.1\"><span class=\"header-section-number\">6.1</span> Disable Go Module Proxy <a href=\"#disable-go-module-proxy\"><b-icon-link45deg font-scale=\"0.7\" class=\"heading-link-icon\"></b-icon-link45deg></a></h2>\n<p>To disable the feature completely set the <strong>GOPROXY</strong> env to the value “<strong>off</strong>”</p>\n<div id=\"the-four-endpoints-of-a-go-module-proxy-advanced\" class=\"anchor\"></div>\n<h1 data-number=\"7\"><span class=\"header-section-number\">7</span> The four endpoints of a Go Module Proxy (advanced) <a href=\"#the-four-endpoints-of-a-go-module-proxy-advanced\"><b-icon-link45deg font-scale=\"0.7\" class=\"heading-link-icon\"></b-icon-link45deg></a></h1>\n<p>A go module proxy will expose four endpoints (all GET) <span v-highlightjs><code class=\"go\" v-pre style=\"display: inline\">/&lt;module&gt;/@v/list</code></span> : get the list of versions known by the proxy server.</p>\n<ol type=\"1\">\n<li><p>Ex : https://proxy.golang.org/ <strong>gitlab.com/loir402/bluesodium</strong>/@v/ <strong>list</strong></p>\n<pre v-highlightjs><code class=\"go\" v-pre >v1.0.0\nv1.0.1</code></pre></li>\n</ol>\n<p><span v-highlightjs><code class=\"go\" v-pre style=\"display: inline\">/&lt;module&gt;/@latest</code></span> : get the latest version info formated in JSON</p>\n<ol type=\"1\">\n<li><p>Ex : https://proxy.golang.org/ <strong>gitlab.com/loir402/bluesodium</strong>/@v/latest</p>\n<pre v-highlightjs><code class=\"go\" v-pre >{&quot;Version&quot;:&quot;v1.0.1&quot;,&quot;Time&quot;:&quot;2021-01-20T18:49:34Z&quot;}</code></pre></li>\n</ol>\n<p><span v-highlightjs><code class=\"go\" v-pre style=\"display: inline\">/&lt;module&gt;/@v/&lt;version&gt;.info</code></span> : get the metadata about the module’s version and the time at which it was committed.</p>\n<ol type=\"1\">\n<li><p>Ex : https://proxy.golang.org/ <strong>gitlab.com/loir402/bluesodium</strong>/@v/v1.0.1 <strong>.info</strong></p>\n<pre v-highlightjs><code class=\"go\" v-pre >{&quot;Version&quot;:&quot;v1.0.1&quot;,&quot;Time&quot;:&quot;2021-01-20T18:49:34Z&quot;}</code></pre></li>\n</ol>\n<p><span v-highlightjs><code class=\"go\" v-pre style=\"display: inline\">/&lt;module&gt;/@v/&lt;version&gt;.mod</code></span> : return the go.mod file of the given version</p>\n<ol type=\"1\">\n<li>Ex : https://proxy.golang.org/ <strong>gitlab.com/loir402/bluesodium</strong>/@v/v1.0.1 <strong>.mod</strong></li>\n</ol>\n<p><span v-highlightjs><code class=\"go\" v-pre style=\"display: inline\">/&lt;module&gt;/@v/&lt;version&gt;.zip</code></span> : return the zipped version of the module.</p>\n<ol type=\"1\">\n<li>Ex : https://proxy.golang.org/ <strong>gitlab.com/loir402/bluesodium</strong>/@v/v1.0.1 <strong>.zip</strong></li>\n</ol>\n<div id=\"common-error-the-newest-version-is-not-downloaded\" class=\"anchor\"></div>\n<BuyCopyInvite></BuyCopyInvite>\n<h1 data-number=\"8\"><span class=\"header-section-number\">8</span> Common error: the newest version is not downloaded <a href=\"#common-error-the-newest-version-is-not-downloaded\"><b-icon-link45deg font-scale=\"0.7\" class=\"heading-link-icon\"></b-icon-link45deg></a></h1>\n<p>When a newer minor or patch is available for the module, the command</p>\n<pre data-float=\"\"><span v-highlightjs><code class=\"go\" v-pre style=\"display: inline\">go get -u modulePath</code></span></pre>\n<p>will not always download it immediately. The service has a cache in place to improve performance. Hence to solve this, you have two solutions :</p>\n<ul>\n<li><p>Wait and try later (the cache will be invalidated)</p></li>\n<li><p>Target specifically the version you want to use in the go get command</p>\n<pre data-float=\"\"><span v-highlightjs><code class=\"go\" v-pre style=\"display: inline\">go get -u modulePath@v1.0.2</code></span></pre></li>\n</ul>\n<div id=\"useful-links-to-debug-issues\" class=\"anchor\"></div>\n<h1 data-number=\"9\"><span class=\"header-section-number\">9</span> Useful links to debug issues <a href=\"#useful-links-to-debug-issues\"><b-icon-link45deg font-scale=\"0.7\" class=\"heading-link-icon\"></b-icon-link45deg></a></h1>\n<ul>\n<li><p>How to <strong>get the list of available versions</strong> for a module on a proxy?</p>\n<pre v-highlightjs><code class=\"go\" v-pre >https://PROXY_URL/MODULE_PATH/@v/list</code></pre>\n<ul>\n<li><p>Ex : https://proxy.golang.org/gitlab.com/loir402/bluesodium/@v/list</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Will output the list of versions available for a given module</li>\n</ul></li>\n<li><p>For major version 2 the link is :</p></li>\n</ul></li>\n</ul>\n<!-- -->\n<pre v-highlightjs><code class=\"go\" v-pre >&quot;https://proxy.golang.org/gitlab.com/loir402/bluesodium/v2/@v/list&quot;</code></pre>\n<ul>\n<li><p>How to <strong>download source code</strong> of a module at a specific version</p>\n<pre v-highlightjs><code class=\"go\" v-pre >https://PROXY_URL/MODULE_PATH/@v/VERSION.zip</code></pre>\n<ul>\n<li><p>Ex : https://proxy.golang.org/gitlab.com/loir402/bluesodium/@v/v1.0.1.zip</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Will trigger the download of the source code</li>\n</ul></li>\n</ul></li>\n</ul>\n<div id=\"test-yourself\" class=\"anchor\"></div>\n<h1 data-number=\"10\"><span class=\"header-section-number\">10</span> Test yourself <a href=\"#test-yourself\"><b-icon-link45deg font-scale=\"0.7\" class=\"heading-link-icon\"></b-icon-link45deg></a></h1>\n<div id=\"questions\" class=\"anchor\"></div>\n<h3 data-number=\"10.0.1\"><span class=\"header-section-number\">10.0.1</span> Questions <a href=\"#questions\"><b-icon-link45deg font-scale=\"0.7\" class=\"heading-link-icon\"></b-icon-link45deg></a></h3>\n<ol type=\"1\">\n<li><p>What is the name of the environment variable that controls the Go Module Proxy usage?</p></li>\n<li><p>How to disable the usage of module proxies in a go get command?</p></li>\n</ol>\n<div id=\"answers\" class=\"anchor\"></div>\n<h2 data-number=\"10.1\"><span class=\"header-section-number\">10.1</span> Answers <a href=\"#answers\"><b-icon-link45deg font-scale=\"0.7\" class=\"heading-link-icon\"></b-icon-link45deg></a></h2>\n<ol type=\"1\">\n<li><p>What is the name of the environment variable that controls the Go Module Proxy usage?</p>\n<ol type=\"1\">\n<li>GOPROXY.</li>\n</ol></li>\n<li><p>How to disable the usage of module proxies in a go get command?</p>\n<pre v-highlightjs><code class=\"go\" v-pre >$ GOPROXY=&quot;off&quot; go get gitlab.com/loir402/foo</code></pre></li>\n</ol>\n<h1 class=\"unnumbered\" id=\"key-takeaways\">Key takeaways</h1>\n<ul>\n<li><p>A Go module proxy is a proxy server that will store Go modules’ code.</p></li>\n<li><p>Instead of downloading the source code directly from the code hosting server (ex: GitHub), the go command <strong>can</strong> download it from the proxy server.</p></li>\n<li><p>Some modules might be unknown to the proxy; in that case, the server will generally add them afterward.</p>\n<ul>\n<li><p>For instance, the official Go Module Proxy has that system in place</p></li>\n<li><p>Other Go Module Proxies might implement different strategies</p></li>\n</ul></li>\n<li><p>There is an official Go Proxy available to all, which is https://proxy.golang.org/</p></li>\n<li><p>You can also deploy your own Go Module Proxy Server / or use a hosted alternative</p></li>\n<li><p>To use a specific proxy, you will have to modify the GOPROXY variable.</p></li>\n</ul>\n<section class=\"footnotes\" role=\"doc-endnotes\">\n<hr />\n<ol>\n<li id=\"fn1\" role=\"doc-endnote\"><p>Definition from Wikipedia, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_(computing)<a href=\"#fnref1\" class=\"footnote-back\" role=\"doc-backlink\">↩︎</a></p></li>\n</ol>\n</section>\n\n                    <!-- END CONTENT -->\n                    <!-- Bibliography -->\n<BuyCopyInvite></BuyCopyInvite>\n                    <h1>Bibliography</h1>\n                    <ChapterBibliography chapter-id=\"Chap18GoModuleProxies\"></ChapterBibliography>\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Next / Previous -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<b-row class=\"ml-1 mr-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<b-col class=\"text-center border mr-1 p-2\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<router-link :to=\"{name:'Chap17GoModules'}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><u><small>Previous</small></u></p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><small>Go modules</small></p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t</router-link>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t</b-col>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<b-col class=\"text-center border p-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<router-link :to=\"{name:'Chap19UnitTests'}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><u><small>Next</small></u></p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><small>Unit Tests</small></p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t</router-link>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t</b-col>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t</b-row>\n\t\t\t\t\t<b-row class=\"mt-1 ml-1 mr-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<b-col class=\"text-center border p-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<b-link :to=\"{name:'Home'}\" >Table of contents</b-link>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t</b-col>\n\t\t\t\t\t</b-row>\n          \t\t\t<FeedbackInvite></FeedbackInvite>\n\t\t\t\t\t<NewsletterInput></NewsletterInput>\n\t\t\t\t\t<Footer></Footer>\n                </b-col>\n\t\t\t\t<b-col ></b-col>\n            </b-row>\n        </div>\n    </div>\n</template>\n\n<script>\nimport TOCChapter from \"@/components/toc/TocChapter\";\nimport ChapterBibliography from \"@/components/ChapterBibliography\";\nimport NavBar from \"@/components/NavBar\";\nimport { BIconLink45deg } from 'bootstrap-vue'\nimport Footer from \"@/components/Footer\";\nimport ChapterHeading from \"@/components/ChapterHeading\";\nimport BuyCopyInvite from \"@/components/BuyCopyInvite\";\nimport NewsletterInput from \"@/components/NewsletterInput\";\nimport FeedbackInvite from \"@/components/FeedbackInvite\";\n\nconst title = \"Go Module Proxies - Practical Go Lessons\"\nconst description = \"The go get command uses a proxy to fetch the latest releases of modules. 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